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3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 103(1): 33-40, 07/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-718101

ABSTRACT

Background: Dyslipidemia is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and statins have been effective in controlling lipid levels. Sex differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of statins contribute to interindividual variations in drug efficacy and toxicity. Objective: To evaluate the presence of sexual dimorphism in the efficacy and safety of simvastatin/atorvastatin treatment. Methods: Lipid levels of 495 patients (331 women and 164 men) were measured at baseline and after 6 ± 3 months of simvastatin/atorvastatin treatment to assess the efficacy and safety profiles of both drugs. Results: Women had higher baseline levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared with men (p < 0.0001). After treatment, women exhibited a greater decrease in plasma TC and LDL-C levels compared with men. After adjustment for covariates, baseline levels of TC and LDL-C influenced more than 30% of the efficacy of lipid-lowering therapy (p < 0.001), regardless of sex. Myalgia [with or without changes in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels] occurred more frequently in women (25.9%; p = 0.002), whereas an increase in CPK and/or abnormal liver function was more frequent in in men (17.9%; p = 0.017). Conclusions: Our results show that baseline TC and LDL-C levels are the main predictors of simvastatin/atorvastatin therapy efficacy, regardless of sex. In addition, they suggest the presence of sexual dimorphism in the safety of simvastatin/atorvastatin. The effect of sex differences on receptors, transporter proteins, and gene expression pathways needs to be better evaluated and characterized to confirm these observations. .


Fundamento: A dislipidemia é o principal fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e as estatinas são efetivas no controle do perfil lipídico. Diferenças sexuais na farmacocinética e farmacodinâmica contribuem para a variação interindividual na eficácia e toxicidade de fármacos. Objetivo: Avaliar a existência de dimorfismo sexual na eficácia e segurança do tratamento com sinvastatina/atorvastatina. Métodos: 495 sujeitos (331 mulheres e 164 homens) tiveram seus níveis lipídicos mensurados antes e após 6±3 meses de tratamento com sinvastatina/atorvastatina para avaliação dos perfis de eficácia e segurança. Resultados: As mulheres apresentaram maiores níveis basais de colesterol total, LDL-C e HDL-C quando comparadas aos homens (p < 0,0001). Após o tratamento, mulheres tiveram uma maior redução dos níveis de colesterol total e de LDL-C que homens. Após ajuste para covariáveis, foi observado que os níveis basais de colesterol total e de LDL-C são responsáveis por cerca de 30% da eficácia (p < 0,001), independentemente do sexo. Mialgia (com ou sem alteração de creatina fosfoquinase - CPK) ocorreu mais frequentemente em mulheres (25,9%) (p = 0,002), enquanto o aumento isolado de CPK e alterações de função hepática foram mais frequentemente observados em homens (17,9%) (p = 0,017). Conclusões: Nossos resultados demonstram que os níveis basais de colesterol total e LDL-C são os maiores preditores da eficácia do tratamento, independente do sexo. Adicionalmente, sugerimos que existe dimorfismo sexual na segurança do tratamento com sinvastatina/atorvastatina. O efeito das diferenças sexuais em receptores, proteínas transportadoras e rotas de expressão gênica devem ser avaliados ...


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology , Heptanoic Acids/pharmacology , Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy , Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology , Pyrroles/pharmacology , Sex Factors , Simvastatin/pharmacology , Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Brazil , Cholesterol/blood , Creatine Kinase/drug effects , Heptanoic Acids/adverse effects , Hypercholesterolemia/blood , Hypolipidemic Agents/adverse effects , Lipoproteins, HDL/blood , Lipoproteins, LDL/blood , Myalgia/etiology , Prospective Studies , Pyrroles/adverse effects , Simvastatin/adverse effects
4.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 57(7): 513-519, out. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-690588

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was investigate the association between six genetic variants in the nuclear receptor genes PPARA, RXRA, NR1I2 and NR1I3 and the lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of statin therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 240 Brazilian hypercholesterolemic patients on simvastatin and atorvastatin therapy. The polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-based methods. RESULTS: The NR1I3 rs2307424 genotype distribution was different between subjects with and without adverse drug reactions. Among subjects in the ADR group, no T/T homozygotes were observed for this polymorphism, while in the non-ADR group the frequency of this genotype was 19.4% (P = 0.007, after multiple testing corrections P = 0.042). CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms investigated in PPARA (rs1800206), RXRA (rs11381416), and NR1I2 (rs1523130) did not influence the lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of statin. Our results show the possible influence of NR1I3 genetic variant on the safety of statin.


OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação de seis variantes genéticas nos genes de receptores nucleares PPARA, RXRA, NR1I2 e NR1I3 na eficácia hipolipemiante e na segurança da terapia com estatinas. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado com 240 pacientes hipercolesterolêmicos em terapia com sinvastina e atorvastatina. Os polimorfismos foram analisados por meio de métodos baseados em PCR. RESULTADOS: A distribuição da frequência genotípica do polimorfismo NR1I3 rs2307424 foi diferente entre os pacientes com e sem efeito adverso à medicação; entre os sujeitos do grupo com efeitos adversos, nenhum homozigoto T/T foi observado, enquanto no grupo de indivíduos sem efeitos adversos a frequência desse genótipo foi 19,4% (P = 0,007, após correção para múltiplos testes P = 0,042). CONCLUSÃO: Os polimorfismos investigados nos genes PPARA (rs1800206), RXRA (rs11381416) e NR1I2 (rs1523130) não foram associados com eficácia hipolipemiante e segurança da terapia com estatinas. Nossos resultados mostram uma possível influência de variantes do gene NR1I3 (rs2307424) no desenvolvimento de efeitos adversos à terapia com estatinas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Polymorphism, Genetic , PPAR alpha/genetics , Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics , Receptors, Steroid/genetics , Retinoid X Receptor alpha/genetics , Alleles , Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Dyslipidemias/genetics , Genotype , Heptanoic Acids/adverse effects , Heptanoic Acids/therapeutic use , Lipids/blood , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pyrroles/adverse effects , Pyrroles/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Simvastatin/adverse effects , Simvastatin/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome
5.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 458-459, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-25811

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a case of reversible dysphasia occurring in a patient prescribed atorvastatin in combination with indapamide. A milder dysphasia recurred with the prescription of rosuvastatin and was documented on clinical examination. This resolved following cessation of rosuvastatin. The case highlights both a need for a wider understanding of potential drug interactions through the CYP 450 system and for an increased awareness, questioning and reporting of drug side-effects.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Anxiety/diagnosis , Aphasia/diagnosis , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Depression/diagnosis , Drug Interactions , Fluorobenzenes/adverse effects , Heptanoic Acids/adverse effects , Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy , Indapamide/therapeutic use , Pyrimidines/adverse effects , Pyrroles/adverse effects , Sulfonamides/adverse effects
6.
Rev. peru. cardiol. (Lima) ; 35(2): 96-105, mayo-ago. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-565411

ABSTRACT

Evaluar la eficacia, seguridad y tolerabilidad terapéutica de ezetimiba coadministrada con una estatina en la reducción del colesterol LDL en la práctica clínica diaria. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio fase IV multicéntrico, prospectivo, randomizado, abierto llevado a cabo entre los meses de noviembre 2004 y marzo del 2005, en 204 pacientes ambulatorios, con diagnóstico de hipercolesterolemia primaria, de ambos sexos, entre 18 y 75 años. Los pacientes seleccionados fueron agrupados en INICIADORES (pacientes que iniciarían el tratamiento con ezetimiba más una estatina) y CONTINUADORES ( pacientes que estaban recibiendo una estatina y que no llegaron a sus valores meta, por lo que se le agrega ezetimiba a su tratamiento). Se les trató durante 6 semanas con ezetimiba (10mg/día) más una estatina y se realizaron mediciones de los parámetros lipídicos al inicio y al final del estudio. RESULTADOS: De los 204 pacientes del estudio, la terapia con ezetimiba coadministrada con una estatina produjo un cambio porcentual significativo en los niveles de LDL-c entre el grupo de Iniciadores y Continuadores: û26.6 por ciento y û26.04 por ciento (p menor que 0.001) respectivamente. Además, se observaron cambios en los otros parámetros lipídicos entre los grupos: Colesterol Total: -23.34 por ciento y -24.10 por ciento (p menor que 0.001), HDL-c: -16.36 por ciento (p menor que 0.20) y +8.43 (p menor que 0.20) y Triglicéridos: -23.83 por ciento y û15.77 por ciento (p menor que 0.001). Se observó que en el grupo de menor que de 65 años el 75, 51 por ciento logró el objetivo de LDL-c menor que 130mg/dl. Estos beneficios se asociaron a una baja incidencia de efectos adversos 31 casos (16.84 por ciento) fundamentalmente de tipo gastrointestinal (48.47 por ciento), seguido de los trastornos neurológicos (16,32 por ciento) y los músculo esqueléticos (14,28 por ciento).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Anticholesteremic Agents/administration & dosage , Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases , Hypercholesterolemia , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Prospective Studies , Observational Studies as Topic , Peru
7.
Bahrain Medical Bulletin. 2009; 31 (2): 80-82
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-90984

ABSTRACT

Statins are at the forefront of treatments for hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease and stroke. Patients may not adhere to Statins therapy due to hepatic or neuromuscular side effects that include neuropathy and myopathy. The latter include myalgia, lassitude, fatigue, proximal muscle weakness with or without elevated creatine kinase [CK] or myoglobinuria. Studies suggest that these symptoms are under reported and may occur in as much as 5% or more. This article reviews the definition, incidence, possible mechanisms, risk factors, clinical presentation and suggested management of Statin-induced myopathy


Subject(s)
Humans , Muscular Diseases/epidemiology , Muscular Diseases/therapy , Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Anticholesteremic Agents , Creatine Kinase , Myoglobinuria , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Sex Factors
8.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2008 Jul; 106(7): 464-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-100794

ABSTRACT

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a marked increase in the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke (by a factor of two to three compared with non-diabetic patients), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for the majority of deaths among patients with diabetes. A new fixed dose combination containing atorvastatin 10 mg + metformin SR 500 mg is being introduced in the Indian market for the treatment of dyslipidaemia in diabetic patients. The present study was therefore undertaken to assess efficacy, safety and tolerability of a fixed dose combination of atorvastatin 10mg + metformin SR 500mg in adult Indian patients with diabetic dyslipidaemia. The final protocol was approved by relevant ethics committee before the initiation of study. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients prior to enrollment in study. The total duration of study was 14 weeks including two weeks dietary run in period. Patients fulfilling the selection criteria received a single oral tablet of fixed dose combination of atorvastatin 10mg + metformin SR 500mg once daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy parameters were assessed by evaluating reduction in fasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentration levels at baseline and thereafter at each follow up visit at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks and plasma lipid profile and glycosylated Hb levels at baseline and end of study. The secondary efficacy parameters were assessed by evaluating percentage change from baseline at the end of the study (week 12) in the plasma concentration of the various lipid parameters such as total, HDL-, LDL- and very low density (VLDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo B, Apo A1, TC/LDL ratio, LDL/ HDL ratio, and percentage of patients achieving LDL-cholesterol goals as per NCEP ATP III guidelines. A total of 213 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these seven patients were lost to follow-up and considered as drop-outs. Therapy with the fixed dose combination of atorvastatin 10 mg + metformin SR 500 mg resulted in a significant reduction in the mean plasma fasting and postprandial glucose levels (35 and 38.8% respectively). There was a steep fall in the HbA1c levels from baseline levels of 8.76% to 6.74% (23.1%). There was also a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in mean total cholesterol (31.2%), LDL cholesterol (35.4%), VLDL-cholesterol (19.6%) and a significant increase HDL-cholesterol (9.5%). Thus there appeared to be trend towards reducing atherosclerosis following therapy with the fixed dose combination of atorvastatin 10 mg + metformin SR 500 mg. Mean body mass index was significantly reduced in the patients in the present study following therapy with the study drugs. The fixed dose combination of atorvastatin with metformin was well tolerated with mostly gastro-intestinal adverse events being reported in the current study. Moreover, most of the adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared with continued treatment. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that, the fixed dose combination of atorvastatin 10 mg + metformin SR 500 mg is efficacious and well tolerated therapeutic modality in patients with diabetic dyslipidaemia. Furthermore this combination offers dosage convenience to the patient and by virtue of its dual mode of action is a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for patients with diabetic dyslipidaemia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Female , Glycemic Index , Heptanoic Acids/adverse effects , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , India , Male , Metformin/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Pyrroles/adverse effects
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 62(2A): 257-261, jun. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-361351

ABSTRACT

As drogas redutoras de colesterol são ocasionalmente associadas a sintomas neuromusculares e alterações morfológicas observadas na biopsia muscular. Relatamos o curso clínico e achado da biopsia muscular em oito pacientes com hiperlipoproteinemia tratados com drogas redutoras de colesterol (estatinas/fibratos). Cinco pacientes tiveram mialgia e em dois havia fraqueza muscular proximal. Todos os pacientes ficaram assintomáticos após retirada da medicação embora a creatinoquinase permanecesse elevada. Analisamos a biopsia muscular em seis casos realizados entre três meses e dois anos após a suspensão da droga. Encontramos variação no calibre das fibras em todos os casos com necrose de fibras em cinco, infiltrado inflamatório em um caso, presença de vacúolos em um e "ragged red fiber" em três deles. Concluímos que, embora os achados da biopsia muscular não fossem específicos, o uso prolongado de estatinas e/ou fibratos pode induzir a uma miopatia crônica até mesmo na ausência de sintomas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Hyperlipoproteinemias/drug therapy , Muscular Diseases/chemically induced , Biopsy , Clofibric Acid/adverse effects , Creatine Kinase/adverse effects , Drug Therapy, Combination , Muscular Diseases/pathology
12.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 60(11): 875-880, nov. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-359071

ABSTRACT

A hipercolesterolemia é importante fator de risco para a doença aterosclerótica, em particular naqueles pacientes com múltiplos fatores de risco. Vários estudos demonstraram a importância da redução dos níveis de LDL-coleterol, com vastatinas, na redução de eventos, tanto na prevenção primária como na secundária. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a segurança e eficácia da atorvastatina na redução LDL-c, de acordo com as metas da Diretrizes Brasileiras sobre Dislipidemias da SBC. Os autores avaliaram 219 pacientes (37,9 por cento homens, idade 58,2 +- 11 anos, 88,1 por cento da raça caucasiana)portadores de hipercolesterolemia tipo II A ou II B, em estudo mulicêntrico, prospectivo, aberto durante 16 semanas. Obtiveram-se valores do colesterol basal após 6 e 12 semanas de tratamento, com doses de 10 (81,3 por cento) e 20mg(18,4 por cento) , houve redução absoluta de 77,4 +- 2,6 mg/dl e 79,6 +- 3 mg/dl, respectivamente (p< 0,0001 para basal comparado a 6 e 12 semanas). Os objetivos das diretrizes foram atingidos em 51,9 por cento e sessenta nove por cento nos pacientes de prevenção primária com 0 ou 1 fator de risco ou 2 ou mais fatores de risco, respectivamente, e 33 por cento e 22,2 por cento nos grupos de prevenção secundária ou diabéticos, respectivamente. Seis pacientes ( 2,8 por cento) interromperam o tratamento por efeitos adversos. Não houve alterações renais e nenhum paciente foi excluído durante o tratamento por falha terapeutica. A atorvastatina se mostrou segura e eficaz nas doses utilizadas confirmando em nosso meio, os resultados da utilização em mais de 400.000 pacientes participantes de grandes ensaios internacionais. Os resultados deste estudo realizado com pacientes dislipidêmicos brasileiros são semelhantes aos resultados de outros estudos realizados em outros paises, sendo que o tratamento com a atorvastatina resulta em 95por cento de sucesso terapêutico no controle do colesterol elevado e constitui a melhor relação custo-benefício no tratamento do colesterol elevado. A atorvastatina é hoje considerada a esatina mais segura de sua classe, pelos dados de farmacovigilancia e pelos mas de 50 milhões de pacientes tratados em todo o mundo em mais de 5 anos de mercado em 74 paises , sem nenhum relato de protenúria ou microalbuminúria e sem contra indicações para pacientes com insuficiência renal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticholesteremic Agents/administration & dosage , Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology , Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use , Arteriosclerosis , Hypercholesterolemia , Simvastatin
16.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-90971

ABSTRACT

The most important but rare adverse effect of simvastatin is myopathy. In megatrials with simvastatin, the overall incidence of myopathy is 0.025%. We present a case of myopathy presenting as proximal muscle weakness in both upper limbs secondary to simvastatin which reversed spontaneously after cessation of the drug.


Subject(s)
Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/prevention & control , Male , Middle Aged , Muscular Diseases/chemically induced , Simvastatin/adverse effects
17.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 58(n.esp): 173-: 178-176, 183, dez. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-317014

ABSTRACT

Os autores inicialmente mencionam o aparecimento posterior da DAC nas mulheres em comparaçäo aos homens. Em segundo lugar, apresentam os quadros clínico e laboratorial que possibilitam o diagnóstico das hiperlipidemias no sexo feminino. Do ponto de vista laboratorial, säo importantes as determinaçöes dos níveis de triglicérides, colesterol total, lipoproteínas colesterol de baixa (LDL) e alta (HDL) densidade, sendo que as determinaçöes de apolipoliproteínas e da lipoproteína(a) ainda näo säo efetuadas de forma rotineira. Após classificaçäo das dislipidemias, os autores estabelecem as recomendaçöes de conselho para avaliaçäo do perfil lipídico e, em seguida, discutem as opçöes da tratamento no período fértil das mulheres e no período da pós-menopausa. Os benefícios e desvantagens da terapêutica de reposiçäo hormonal (TRH) e o uso das vastatinas säo amplamente discutidos.(au)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Aged , Hyperlipidemias , Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Menopause , Hypercholesterolemia
18.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2000 Jun; 38(6): 607-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-56698

ABSTRACT

Hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic effects of roots of W. somnifera (ashvagandha) were assessed on human subjects. Six mild NIDDM subjects and six mild hypercholesterolemic subjects were treated with the powder of roots of W. somnifera for 30 days. Suitable parameters were studied in the blood and urine samples of the subjects along with dietary pattern before and at the end of treatment period. Decrease in blood glucose was comparable to that of an oral hypoglycemic drug. Significant increase in urine sodium, urine volume, significant decrease in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL (low density lipoproteins) and VLDL (very low density lipoproteins) cholesterol were observed indicating that root of W. somnifera is a potential source of hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic agents. Clinical observations revealed no adverse effects.


Subject(s)
Adult , Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Blood Glucose/analysis , Capsules , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Diuresis/drug effects , Diuretics/adverse effects , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Lipids/blood , Middle Aged , Natriuresis/drug effects , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Plant Roots/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Potassium/analysis , Powders , Sodium/analysis , Solanaceae/chemistry
19.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-271092

ABSTRACT

En la actualidad son utilizados múltiples medicamentos para el tratamiento de las dislipidemias. Teniendo esto en cuenta, hicimos una revisión de la literatura, con el objetivo de recopilar las reacciones adversas de estos fármacos, donde encontramos que estos efectos son diversos y muy característicos. Los más frecuentemente observados son los trastornos gastrointestinales, mala absorción de vitaminas y algunos medicamentos de amplio uso; además, son capaces de producir miositis y alteraciones de la función hepática las cuales eran más severas cuando se asociaban los derivados del ácido fíbrico con los inhibidores de la HMG - CoA. Otro efecto significativo encontrado fue la interacción con los anticoagulantes; también exponemos la existencia en nuestro país de un producto que disminuye el colesterol con efectos adversos leves y poco frecuentes


Subject(s)
Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Hypolipidemic Agents/adverse effects
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